Benin

Art. 31 gives special state protection against reprisals or intimidation; Art. 32 lets whistleblowers use a police or gendarmerie address; Arts. 33-36 allow a judge to hide an identity at risk, limit anonymity where the defence needs it and bar convictions resting solely on anonymous statements; Art. 53 penalises officials who reveal identities.

Art. 60 of Loi n° 2024-01 requires suspicious transaction reports to the CENTIF 'sans délai' (without delay), as cited in the CENTIF 2025 activity report. Art. 65 lets the CENTIF suspend a suspicious operation for up to four days (96 hours). The uniform law has the equivalent duty at Arts. 60-61.

Art. 84 requires major incidents to be notified without delay, with a detailed report within 72 hours of notification. Art. 3(26) defines a major incident by several triggers, including a service interruption of more than four hours and security breaches. Art. 82 requires documented incident procedures and an annual risk report to the Commission Bancaire.

Art. 28(1) requires at least 30 days' prior notice to outsource critical operational functions; Art. 36 sets conditions (internal control, customer protection, data availability and deletion) and Art. 37 the minimum contract content.

Art. 9 forbids providing the payment services listed in Art. 4(i)-(vii) without prior approval and listing; account aggregators register instead (Arts. 22-24). Arts. 17-19 set the application process, with a six-month review period.

Art. 48 requires payment institutions to place unremitted users' funds still held at the end of the next business day in cantonnement (segregated) accounts and to reconcile balances daily, and shields them from other creditors in resolution or liquidation.