Pakistan

Corporate and capital-markets regulator set up under the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan Act, 1997; it became operational on 1 January 1999. Its stated objective is a modern and efficient corporate sector, with insurance, NBFCs and capital markets also within its remit.

Regulates the corporate sector and capital markets, supervises insurance companies, non-banking finance companies and private pension schemes, and oversees intermediaries such as brokers, credit rating agencies and corporate secretaries. It holds investigative and enforcement powers.