Turkmenistan

Signed 22 November 2025; takes effect on official publication. Amends Arts 39, 48, 72, 88, 97, 218, 320, 321 and 404. Changes include pregnancy and childbirth leave alongside childcare leave (Art. 48), a seven-hour day within the 40-hour week for six-day-week shift schedules (Art. 72), a one-off payment of ten times annual earnings to the family of a worker killed by a workplace accident or occupational disease (Art. 218), and a bar on dismissal based on a vocational aptitude test result (Art. 320).

Signed 22 November 2025 and in force from 1 January 2026 (Art. 43). Names the Central Bank as the authorised body (Art. 9) and covers private and industrial mining with an electronic miner register, service providers acting under a permit, licensed exchange operators and virtual-asset wallets. Art. 36 requires miners and service providers to take AML/CFT/CPF measures, and covert mining is prohibited (Art. 16).

Signed 24 July 2022; takes effect on official publication (Art. 28). Governs electronic public services. The authorised e-government body runs the electronic digital signature registration and certification centre (Art. 8(17)) and protects the information security and cybersecurity of e-government systems (Art. 8(11) and (15)). Electronic requests and responses carry the same weight as paper ones (Arts 18-19).

Signed 18 December 2021; takes effect on official publication. Redefines 'information', defines QR codes and adds a new article after Article 6 on their use, including for payments and online payments through an electronic system.

Signed 20 March 2017. Sets principles for processing personal data, consent rules, data-subject rights, cross-border transfer conditions and security duties for operators. The Cabinet of Ministers may create a body to protect data subjects' rights; prosecutors oversee compliance (Art. 30).