Data Protection & Privacy — across countries

Law or regulationTypeCountryYearSource
Law No. 124/2024 "Për mbrojtjen e të dhënave personale" (Law No. 124/2024 on the Protection of Personal Data) Act Albania 2024 source
Loi n° 25-11 du 24 juillet 2025 modifiant et complétant la loi n° 18-07 (Law 25-11 of 24 July 2025 amending and supplementing Law 18-07) Act Algeria 2025 source
Loi n° 18-07 du 10 juin 2018 relative à la protection des personnes physiques dans le traitement des données à caractère personnel (Law 18-07 of 10 June 2018 on the Protection of Natural Persons in Personal Data Processing) Act Algeria 2018 source
Llei 29/2021, del 28 d'octubre, qualificada de protecció de dades personals (Qualified Law 29/2021 on personal data protection) Act Andorra 2021 source
Ley 25.326 de Protección de los Datos Personales (Law 25,326 on Personal Data Protection) Act Argentina 2000 source
Law on Protection of Personal Data (HO-49-N) Act Armenia 2015 source
Privacy Act 1988 Act Australia 1988 source
Bundesgesetz zum Schutz natürlicher Personen bei der Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten (Datenschutzgesetz – DSG) (Federal Act on the Protection of Natural Persons with regard to the Processing of Personal Data) Act Austria 1999 source
Order No. (43) of 2022 on technical and organisational measures for personal data protection Regulation Bahrain 2022 source
Law No. (30) of 2018 with respect to Personal Data Protection Law Act Bahrain 2018 source
ব্যক্তিগত উপাত্ত সুরক্ষা আইন, ২০২৬ (Personal Data Protection Act, 2026) Act Bangladesh 2026 source
Закон Республики Беларусь «О защите персональных данных» (Law No. 99-Z of 7 May 2021 on personal data protection) Act Belarus 2021 source
Loi du 30 juillet 2018 relative à la protection des personnes physiques à l'égard des traitements de données à caractère personnel (Law of 30 July 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data) Act Belgium 2018 source
Loi du 3 décembre 2017 portant création de l'Autorité de protection des données (Law of 3 December 2017 establishing the Data Protection Authority) Act Belgium 2017 source
Lei nº 15.211, de 17 de setembro de 2025 (Law 15,211/2025 – Estatuto Digital da Criança e do Adolescente, ECA Digital) Act Brazil 2025 source
Resolução CD/ANPD nº 15, de 24 de abril de 2024 (Regulation on communication of security incidents) Regulation Brazil 2024 source
Resolução CD/ANPD nº 4, de 24 de fevereiro de 2023 (Regulation on the calculation and application of administrative sanctions) Regulation Brazil 2023 source
Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD), Law No. 13,709/2018 Act Brazil 2018 source
Lei nº 12.965, de 23 de abril de 2014 (Law 12,965/2014 – Marco Civil da Internet, the Brazilian Internet Civil Framework) Act Brazil 2014 source
Lei Complementar nº 105, de 10 de janeiro de 2001 (Complementary Law 105/2001 on the secrecy of financial institutions' operations) Act Brazil 2001 source
Lei n.º 121/IX/2021, de 17 de março — Segunda alteração ao regime jurídico geral de proteção de dados pessoais (Law 121/IX/2021, second amendment to the General Legal Regime for the Protection of Personal Data) Act Cabo Verde 2021 source
Lei n.º 41/VIII/2013, de 17 de setembro — Altera a Lei n.º 133/V/2001, Regime jurídico geral de proteção de dados pessoais das pessoas singulares (Law 41/VIII/2013 amending the General Legal Regime for the Protection of Personal Data) Act Cabo Verde 2013 source
Draft Law on Personal Data Protection (final version, 23 June 2025) Act Cambodia 2025 source
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) Act Canada 2000 source
Act respecting the protection of personal information in the private sector Act Canada — source
大型个人信息处理者个人信息保护规定(征求意见稿) (Regulations on Personal Information Protection of Large Personal Information Processors, Draft for Comment) Regulation China 2026 source
银行保险机构数据安全管理办法(金规〔2024〕24号) (Data Security Management Measures for Banking and Insurance Institutions) Regulation China 2024 source
Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) Act China 2021 source
Data Security Law Act China 2021 source
Ley Estatutaria 1581 de 2012, disposiciones generales para la protección de datos personales (Statutory Law 1581 of 2012, general provisions for the protection of personal data) Act Colombia 2012 source
Ley 8968 de Protección de la persona frente al tratamiento de sus datos personales (Law 8968 on the protection of individuals regarding the processing of personal data) Act Costa Rica 2011 source
Zakon o provedbi Opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka (Act on the Implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation) Act Croatia 2018 source
Resolución 58 de 2022 del Ministerio de Comunicaciones — Reglamento para la Seguridad y Protección de los Datos Personales en Soporte Electrónico (Regulation on the Security and Protection of Personal Data in Electronic Form) Regulation Cuba 2022 source
Protection of Natural Persons with regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of such Data Law of 2018 (Ο περί της Προστασίας των Φυσικών Προσώπων Έναντι της Επεξεργασίας των Δεδομένων Προσωπικού Χαρακτήρα και της Ελεύθερης Κυκλοφορίας των Δεδομένων αυτών Νόμος του 2018, 125(I)/2018) Act Cyprus 2018 source
Act of 12 March 2019 on personal data processing (Act No. 110/2019 Coll.) Act Czechia 2019 source
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation) Regulation Denmark 2016 source
Ley No. 172-13 sobre la Protección Integral de los Datos Personales (Law 172-13 on Comprehensive Protection of Personal Data) Act Dominican Republic 2013 source
Resolución SPDP-SPD-2025-0022-R - Reglamento para la aplicación de la metodología para el cálculo de las multas en el régimen administrativo sancionatorio de la Superintendencia de Protección de Datos Personales (Regulation applying the methodology for calculating fines in the administrative sanctions regime of the Data Protection Superintendency) Regulation Ecuador 2025 source
Ley Orgánica de Protección de Datos Personales (Organic Law on Personal Data Protection) Act Ecuador 2021 source
Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 of 2020 Act Egypt 2020 source
Data Protection Act, 2022 (Act No. 5 of 2022) Act Eswatini 2022 source
Tietosuojalaki 1050/2018 (Data Protection Act) Act Finland 2018 source
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation) Regulation France 2016 source
GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) Regulation Germany 2016 source
Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz – BDSG) Act Germany — source
Law 4624/2019 (Government Gazette A 137, 29.08.2019) — measures implementing the GDPR, transposing Directive (EU) 2016/680, and other provisions Act Greece 2019 source
Ley de Acceso a la Información Pública, Decreto 57-2008 (Public Information Access Law) Act Guatemala 2008 source
Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486) Act Hong Kong 1995 source
Act CXII of 2011 on the Right to Informational Self-determination and on the Freedom of Information (Infotv.) Act Hungary 2011 source
Lög um persónuvernd og vinnslu persónuupplýsinga nr. 90/2018 (Act No. 90/2018 on Data Protection and the Processing of Personal Data) Act Iceland 2018 source
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 Act India 2023 source
Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005 Act India 2005 source
Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi (Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection) Act Indonesia 2022 source
Data Protection Act 2018 Act Ireland 2018 source
European Communities (Electronic Communications Networks and Services) (Privacy and Electronic Communications) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 336 of 2011) Regulation Ireland 2011 source
Protection of Privacy Regulations (Data Security), 5777-2017 Regulation Israel 2017 source
Privacy Protection Law, 5741-1981 Act Israel 1981 source
Decreto legislativo 30 giugno 2003, n. 196 - Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali (Personal Data Protection Code), as amended by Legislative Decree 101/2018 Act Italy 2003 source
個人情報の保護に関する法律施行規則 (Enforcement Rules of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, PPC Rules No. 3 of 2016) Rule Japan 2016 source
Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) Act Japan 2003 source
О персональных данных и их защите (Law on Personal Data and Their Protection) Act Kazakhstan 2013 source
Data Protection (Complaints Handling Procedure and Enforcement) Regulations, 2021 Regulation Kenya 2021 source
Data Protection Act (Cap. 411C) Act Kenya 2019 source
Personal Data Processing Law (Fizisko personu datu apstrādes likums) Act Latvia 2018 source
General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) Regulation Latvia 2016 source
Banque du Liban Basic Circular No. 146 (Basic Decision No. 12872 of 13 September 2018) on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Circular Lebanon 2018 source
Data Protection Act, 2012 (Act 5 of 2012) Act Lesotho 2012 source
Guidelines Concerning Digital Credit for Financial Institutions Guideline Liberia 2022 source
القانون رقم 6 لسنة 2022 بشأن المعاملات الإلكترونية (Law No. 6 of 2022 Concerning Electronic Transactions) Act Libya 2022 source
Datenschutzgesetz (DSG) vom 4. Oktober 2018 (Data Protection Act) Act Liechtenstein 2018 source
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 (General Data Protection Regulation) Regulation Luxembourg 2016 source
Lei n.º 8/2005 Lei da Protecção de Dados Pessoais (Law 8/2005, Personal Data Protection Act) Act Macao 2005 source
Electronic Transactions and Cyber Security Act (Chapter 74:02) Act Malawi 2016 source
Communications Act, 2016 (Chapter 68:01) Act Malawi 2016 source
Management of Customer Information and Permitted Disclosures (BNM/RH/PD 028-65) Guideline Malaysia 2025 source
Personal Data Protection Act 2010 Act Malaysia 2010 source
Loi n°2017-070 du 18 décembre 2017 portant modification de la loi n°2013-015 du 21 mai 2013 (Law No. 2017-070 amending the personal data protection law) Act Mali 2017 source
Loi n°2013-015 du 21 mai 2013 portant protection des données à caractère personnel en République du Mali (Law No. 2013-015 on personal data protection) Act Mali 2013 source
Data Protection Act (Cap. 586) Act Malta 2018 source
Loi n° 2017-020 du 22 juillet 2017 sur la protection des données à caractère personnel (Law 2017-020 on Personal Data Protection) Act Mauritania 2017 source
Data Protection Act 2017 Act Mauritius 2017 source
Loi n° 1.565 du 3 décembre 2024 relative à la protection des données personnelles (Law 1,565 on personal data protection) Act Monaco 2024 source
Law of Mongolia on Personal Data Protection (Revised edition) Act Mongolia 2021 source
Loi n° 09-08 relative à la protection des personnes physiques à l'égard du traitement des données à caractère personnel (Law No. 09-08 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data) Act Morocco 2009 source
General Data Protection Regulation Implementation Act Regulation Netherlands 2018 source
Privacy Act 2020 Act New Zealand 2020 source
Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 Act Nigeria 2023 source
National Information Technology Development Agency Act, 2007 Act Nigeria 2007 source
Закон за заштита на личните податоци (Law on Personal Data Protection) Act North Macedonia 2020 source
Lov om behandling av personopplysninger (personopplysningsloven) (Personal Data Act) Act Norway 2018 source
مرسوم سلطاني رقم 6/2022 بإصدار قانون حماية البيانات الشخصية (Personal Data Protection Law, Royal Decree 6/2022) Act Oman 2022 source
Financial Consumer Protection Regulatory Framework (FCPRF) for Licensed Banks and Finance & Leasing Companies (Circular BM 1184) Circular Oman 2021 source
Central Bank of Oman Open Banking Regulatory Framework (Version 1.0) Regulation Oman — source
Ley 6 de 22 de enero de 2002, que dicta normas para la transparencia en la gestión pública, establece la acción de hábeas data y dicta otras disposiciones (Law 6 of 22 January 2002 on transparency in public management and habeas data) Act Panama 2002 source
Republic Act No. 10173, Data Privacy Act of 2012 Act Philippines 2012 source
Ustawa z dnia 10 maja 2018 r. o ochronie danych osobowych (Act of 10 May 2018 on the Protection of Personal Data) Act Poland 2018 source
Lei da Proteção de Dados Pessoais — Lei n.º 58/2019, de 8 de agosto (Personal Data Protection Law) Act Portugal 2019 source
Regulamento (UE) 2016/679 (RGPD) — Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (General Data Protection Regulation) Regulation Portugal 2016 source
Law No. 13 of 2016 on Personal Data Privacy Protection Act Qatar 2016 source
Loi n° 29-2019 du 10 octobre 2019 portant protection des données à caractère personnel (Law No. 29-2019 on personal data protection) Act Republic of the Congo 2019 source
ObligationCountryNatureVerifiedSourceDetail
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Albania — source View →
Personal data breach notification Albania No later than 72 hours after becoming aware of the breach source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Algeria — source View →
Personal data breach notification Algeria No later than 5 days after becoming aware source View →
Appoint a data protection officer Algeria — source View →
Lawful basis, privacy notice and data subject rights Andorra Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification to the APDA Andorra Within a maximum of 72 hours of becoming aware (Art. 36) source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Angola Ongoing source View →
Process personal data on a lawful basis, inform data subjects and honour their rights Argentina Ongoing; access within 10 calendar days; rectification or deletion within 5 business days source View →
Privacy policy, collection notice and individual access and correction rights Australia Ongoing source View →
Lawful basis, information and data subject rights Austria — source View →
Personal data breach notification to the Datenschutzbehörde Austria Without undue delay and where possible within 72 hours of becoming aware source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Bahrain Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Bahrain Within 72 hours of discovery source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Bangladesh Ongoing source View →
Lawful basis, consent, notice and data subject rights Belarus Deadlines of 5 working days to 15 days depending on the request (Arts 10-13) source View →
Personal data breach notification Belarus Immediately, no later than 3 working days after becoming aware source View →
Data protection officer or dedicated unit Belarus — source View →
Telecom operators to protect secrecy of communications and personal data Bolivia — source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Bosnia and Herzegovina Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Bosnia and Herzegovina Within 72 hours where possible source View →
Bank secrecy over customer operations Brazil Ongoing source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Brazil Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification to the ANPD and data subjects Brazil Within 3 business days; preliminary notice completed within 20 business days source View →
Retention of internet connection and application access logs Brazil Connection logs 1 year; application access logs 6 months source View →
Consent, notification and data subject access and correction Brunei — source View →
Personal data breach notification to AITI Brunei No later than 3 days after assessing the breach as notifiable (s.28(1)) source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Cabo Verde Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Cabo Verde Within 72 hours of becoming aware source View →
Notification of data processing to the CNPD Cabo Verde Before processing starts source View →
Designation of a data protection officer Cabo Verde Ongoing source View →
Fair information principles: accountability, purposes, consent and individual access Canada Ongoing source View →
Confidentiality incidents: notification and incident register (Quebec) Canada Promptly where there is a risk of serious injury; no fixed deadline source View →
Lawful basis, notice and individual rights for personal information China Ongoing source View →
Personal information protection officer, audits and impact assessments China Ongoing; impact assessment before the activity source View →
Conditions for transferring personal information abroad China Before each transfer abroad source View →
Report data security incidents to NFRA within 2 hours China Within 2 hours; written report within 24 hours source View →
Data subject rights and prior informed authorisation Colombia Ongoing source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Costa Rica At collection + ongoing; access and rectification requests answered within five working days (Art. 7) source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Croatia — source View →
Personal data breach notification to AZOP Croatia Within 72 hours of becoming aware source View →
Data subject rights and information on processing Cuba — source View →
Personal data breach notification to Datatilsynet Denmark Without undue delay and, where feasible, within 72 hours of becoming aware source View →
Data subject information, consent and rights (access, rectification, deletion) Dominican Republic Continuous source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Ecuador Ongoing; 15-day response to rights requests source View →
Personal data breach notification Ecuador Authority: within 5 days of becoming aware; processor to controller: 2 days; data subject: 3 days source View →
Personal data breach notification El Salvador Within 72 hours of becoming aware source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Eswatini Ongoing source View →
Notification of processing to the Data Protection Authority Eswatini Before processing; changes of name or address within 1 week source View →
Cross-border transfer of personal data Eswatini Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification France Event-based 1 Oct 2026 source View →
Consent for cookies and other trackers France Before placing or reading trackers source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Gabon Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Gabon Without undue delay source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Georgia Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Germany 72 hours 22 Sep 2026 source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Germany Ongoing 22 Sep 2026 source View →
Register as a data controller with the Data Protection Commission Ghana Before processing personal data source View →
Personal data breach notification Ghana As soon as reasonably practicable after discovery source View →
Personal data breach notification to the HDPA Greece Within 72 hours where feasible source View →
Handling of personal data by public bodies: consent, access and correction Guatemala — source View →
Personal data breach notification Hong Kong Event-based 23 Sep 2026 source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Hong Kong Ongoing 23 Sep 2026 source View →
Data subject rights Hungary Within one month of request (extendable by two months) source View →
Lawful processing, notice and data subject rights Iceland — source View →
Personal data breach notification Iceland Without undue delay and, if possible, within 72 hours source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Indonesia Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Ireland 72-hour 24 Sep 2026 source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Ireland Ongoing 24 Sep 2026 source View →
Direct marketing consent Ireland — source View →
Personal data breach notification by electronic communications providers Ireland Without undue delay source View →
Database registration and data subject access Israel Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Italy Without undue delay and, where possible, within 72 hours source View →
Personal data breach notification Japan Event-based 25 Sep 2026 source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Japan Ongoing 25 Sep 2026 source View →
Security control measures for personal data Japan — source View →
Consent for provision of personal data to third parties abroad Japan Before each transfer source View →
Lawful basis, consent and data subject rights Kazakhstan Ongoing source View →
Appoint a person responsible for organising personal data processing Kazakhstan Ongoing source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Kenya Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification Kenya Within 72 hours of becoming aware (s.43(1)(a)) source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Kosovo Ongoing source View →
Personal data breach notification to the Agency Kosovo Not later than 72 hours after becoming aware source View →
Respect data subject rights (access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, objection) Latvia Respond to requests within one month source View →
Data protection measures aligned with the GDPR, with a data protection officer Lebanon — source View →
Lawful processing, notice and data subject rights Lesotho — source View →
Personal data breach notification Lesotho As soon as reasonably possible after discovery (s. 23) source View →
Confidentiality and security of telecom customer data Liberia Ongoing source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Liechtenstein — source View →
Personal data breach notification Luxembourg Event-based 29 Sep 2026 source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Luxembourg Ongoing 29 Sep 2026 source View →
Record of processing activities Luxembourg Ongoing; kept current source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Macao Ongoing source View →
Notification of data processing to the public authority Macao In writing within 8 days of the start of processing source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Madagascar — source View →
Prior declaration or authorisation to the CMIL and data protection officer Madagascar Before processing starts source View →
Customer information breach notification to Bank Negara Malaysia and customers Malaysia Immediately on becoming aware; detailed report within 1 working day after Board tabling source View →
Lawful basis, notice and data subject rights Mali — source View →
Lawful basis, notice to data subjects and data subject rights Mauritania — source View →
Personal data breach notification Mauritius Event-based 30 Sep 2026 source View →
DateEntityCountryActionPenaltySource
28 OCT 2026 의료법인 영훈의료재단 (Younghoon Medical Foundation, Daejeon Sun Hospital and Yuseong Sun Hospital) South Korea Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction KRW 630,000,000 source
28 OCT 2026 주식회사 대교 (Daekyo Co., Ltd.) South Korea Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction KRW 3,255,000,000 source
16 OCT 2026 MYCONNECTOR PLATFORM SRL Romania Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction RON 31,451 source
7 OCT 2026 Deutsche Bank S.p.A. Italy Monetary Penalty €33,000 source
7 OCT 2026 Poste Italiane S.p.A. Italy Monetary Penalty €48,000 source
7 OCT 2026 Spitalul Veterinar Tineretului SRL Romania Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction RON 5,242 source
6 OCT 2026 Αποκεντρωμένη Διοίκηση Αιγαίου (Decentralised Administration of the Aegean) Greece Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction €2,000 source
2 OCT 2026 GLOBAL CUSTOMER CARE SERVICES S.R.L. Romania Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction RON 26,294 source
1 OCT 2026 Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght Ireland Formal Reprimand · Remedial Direction — source
1 OCT 2026 Miljödata i Karlskrona AB Sweden Monetary Penalty SEK 1,800,000 source
OCT 2026 Costalea Poland Monetary Penalty PLN 29,112 source
25 SEP 2026 TIP TOP FOOD INDUSTRY SRL Romania Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction RON 26,236 source
23 SEP 2026 Cairo Editore Italy Monetary Penalty €9,380 source
23 SEP 2026 Manage My Health and Health NZ New Zealand Remedial Direction — source
22 SEP 2026 Isavia innanlandsflugvellir ehf. Iceland Formal Reprimand — source
10 SEP 2026 International School of Monaco Monaco Remedial Direction — source
7 SEP 2026 Brown Thomas Arnotts Limited Ireland Criminal Resolution — source
3 SEP 2026 Azienda Speciale per la Gestione degli Impianti Sportivi del Comune di Trento (A.S.I.S.) Italy Monetary Penalty €8,000 source
3 SEP 2026 Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli centrale Italy Monetary Penalty €24,000 source
3 SEP 2026 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A., succursale italiana Italy Monetary Penalty €5,508,000 source
2 SEP 2026 Health Service Executive (HSE) Ireland Monetary Penalty · Formal Reprimand €645,000 source
31 AUG 2026 ㈜지에스리테일 (GS Retail Co., Ltd.) South Korea Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction KRW 12,836,000,000 source
27 AUG 2026 Elderly Aids Ltd United Kingdom Monetary Penalty · Remedial Direction £190,000 source
26 AUG 2026 HD건설기계㈜ (HD Construction Equipment) South Korea Monetary Penalty KRW 73,500,000 source
19 AUG 2026 KDDI株式会社 (KDDI Corporation) Japan Formal Reprimand — source