Egypt

Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) is an independent state entity and the central banker of the Arab Republic of Egypt. The bank, formed in January 1961, is given full financial, technical, and administrative autonomy under the Egyptian Constitution and Law 194/2020. Headed by the Governor, Hassan Abdalla, the bank is the sole issuer of the national currency of Egypt and the body mandated to manage Egypt's reserves in terms of gold and foreign currencies, as well as developing the monetary policies of the country to stabilize prices and control inflation. Apart from its economic role, the organization acts as the overall supervisor of the country's financial sector by implementing stringent capital requirements to the commercial banks and initiating digital finance systems such as InstaPay system and is the representative of Egypt in the international financial institutions like IMF.

The Egyptian Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Combating Unit (EMLCU) is Egypt’s FIU. It operates under the administration of the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE). The EMLCU is the main national body that receives, analyzes, and processes STRs provided by financial institutions and non-financial businesses in Egypt. The Chairman of the EMLCU Board of Trustees is Judge Ahmed Said Khalil. The EMLCU imposes severe requirements for transparency, keeps records of the beneficial owners of assets, and cooperates with law enforcement agencies and public prosecutors in order to eliminate criminal financial flows. In addition, the EMLCU coordinates its activities according to the standards established by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA) is an independent regulatory organization in Egypt that has been mandated to regulate all financial markets and instruments except commercial banks. The FRA was created in July 2009 as per Law No. 10 of 2009, and operates independently under the chairmanship of its chairman, Dr. Mohamed Farid Saleh, with full financial, technical, and administrative independence as provided for in the Constitution of Egypt. The FRA is a single regulator for the entire financial industry except commercial banks that are regulated by the Central Bank of Egypt. The Financial Regulatory Authority protects consumers and investors, enhances transparency in markets, and mitigates any risk present in different sectors such as EGX, insurance companies, mortgage financing, consumer finance, micro-financing, leasing, factoring, and venture capital firms.