Reserve Bank of India RBI
Who they are
The RBI is India’s central bank that was formed under the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Since its nationalization in 1949, the RBI has been an organization owned by the Government of India. It functions as the monetary authority of India, regulator of banks, custodian of foreign exchange, and currency issuer.
What they do
Formulates and executes monetary policy via the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). Supervises commercial banks, co-operative banks, NBFCs, payment banks, small finance banks, and some financial institutions. Ensures financial stability through prudential regulation, risk-based supervision, and macro-prudential supervision. Supervises payment and settlement systems in accordance with the provisions of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
Currency Management: Exclusive power to issue bank notes (other than the ₹1 note issued by the Government of India) and manage the currency. Manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, and the foreign exchange resources of India. Provides banking facilities to the Government of India and most state governments and acts as the manager of public debts. Formulates regulations regarding KYC, CDD, AML / CFT, Cyber Security, Outsourcing, Digital Lending, and Governance.
Key laws & regulations issued
- Direction RBI Digital Lending Directions, 2025 2025
- Circular RBI Master Circular — Basel III Capital Regulations (updated annually) 2025
- Direction Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Climate Finance and Management of Climate Change Risks) Directions, 2025 2025
- Direction Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Know Your Customer) Directions, 2025 2025
- Direction Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Managing Risks in Outsourcing) Directions, 2025 2025
- Direction Reserve Bank of India (Regulation of Payment Aggregators) Directions, 2025 2025
- Direction Master Directions on Cyber Resilience and Digital Payment Security Controls for non-bank Payment System Operators, 2024 2024
- Direction RBI Master Directions on Fraud Risk Management, 2024 2024
- Direction RBI Master Direction Information Technology Governance, Risk, Controls and Assurance Practices, 2023 2023
- Direction RBI Master Direction NBFC Scale Based Regulation, 2023 2023
- Direction RBI Master Direction on Outsourcing of Information Technology Services, 2023 2023
- Direction Master Directions on Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs), 2021 2021
- Direction RBI Master Direction Know Your Customer (KYC) Direction, 2016 2016
- Act Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 2007
- Act Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005 2005
- Act Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) 1999
- Act Banking Regulation Act, 1949 1949
- Act Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 1934
Enforcement by this regulator
The latest 10 of 69 — see all 69 on the Enforcement tab.
| Date | Entity | Action | Penalty | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 Oct 2026 | Puducherry Co-operative Urban Bank Ltd (co-operative bank) | Business Restriction | — | official |
| 7 Oct 2026 | Sri Mahatma Basaveshwar Co-operative Bank Ltd., Afzalpur (co-operative bank) | Business Restriction | — | official |
| 7 Oct 2026 | The Tiruvalla Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd., Tiruvalla, Pathanamthitta (co-operative bank) | Business Restriction | — | official |
| 25 Sep 2026 | The Monghyr-Jamui Central Co-operative Bank Limited, Bihar (co-operative bank) | Monetary Penalty | ₹5 lakh | official |
| 24 Sep 2026 | Ola Financial Services Private Limited (payment systems entity) | Monetary Penalty | ₹3.1 lakh | official |
| 22 Sep 2026 | KLM Axiva Finvest Limited (NBFC) | Monetary Penalty | ₹2.7 lakh | official |
| 22 Sep 2026 | Hero Fincorp Limited (NBFC) | Monetary Penalty | ₹10 lakh | official |
| 9 Sep 2026 | Jilla Sahakari Bank Ltd., Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh (co-operative bank) | Monetary Penalty | ₹1.15 lakh | official |
| 8 Sep 2026 | Asset Care & Reconstruction Enterprise Limited (asset reconstruction company) | Monetary Penalty | ₹27.3 lakh | official |
| 2 Sep 2026 | Hinduja Leyland Finance Limited (NBFC) | Monetary Penalty | ₹6.2 lakh | official |
Deadlines owned by this regulator
| Due | Filing | Frequency | Industry | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Nov 2026 | CRILC Main Return (large exposures ≥ ₹5 crore)As per RBI guidelines, all financial institutions should file the CRILC Main Return for borrowers having total exposure of ₹5 crore and above. | Monthly | Banking | official |
| 15 Jul 2027 | FLA Return (Foreign Liabilities & Assets) to RBIFLA return is mandatory, and it should be filed annually on or before July 15th by the Indian entity having FDI/ODI up to March 31st. | Annual | Corporates (Listed) | official |
Latest news
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RBI restricts Sri Mahatma Basaveshwar Co-operative Bank operations for six months
31 Oct 2026
The Reserve Bank of India has issued supervisory directions to Sri Mahatma Basaveshwar Co-operative Bank Ltd. in Afzalpur, effective October 8, 2026, under Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act. The bank is…
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RBI extends regulatory directive for cooperative urban bank three months
3 Oct 2026
The Reserve Bank of India has extended a regulatory directive issued under the Banking Regulation Act to Innovative Co-operative Urban Bank Limited, New Delhi for an additional three months through January 4, 2027. The…
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RBI extends supervisory directions for Industrial Co-operative Bank Ltd.
3 Oct 2026
The Reserve Bank of India has extended supervisory directions issued to The Industrial Co-operative Bank Ltd., Guwahati under Section 35A read with Section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The original directive…
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RBI finalizes Basel III market risk capital requirements for banks
26 Sep 2026
The Reserve Bank of India has issued final Directions on minimum capital requirements for market risk under the revised Basel III framework, effective April 1, 2027. The framework adopts the Simplified Standardised…
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RBI penalizes gold-loan fintech KLM Axiva Finvest Limited for auction surplus non-payment
26 Sep 2026
The Reserve Bank of India imposed a monetary penalty of ₹2.70 lakh on KLM Axiva Finvest Limited for regulatory non-compliance discovered during statutory inspection. The company failed to remit surplus amounts to…
Related regulators
Others in India supervising overlapping sectors.