Cybersecurity & IT Risk — across countries

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Laws & Regulations12 Recent enforcement4

Instrument	Type	Country	Year	Source
CPS 234 Information Security	Direction	Australia	2019	source
OSFI Guideline B-13 — Technology and Cyber Risk Management	Guideline	Canada	2022	source
Cybersecurity Law	Act	China	2025	source
Data Security Law	Act	China	2021	source
DORA — Digital Operational Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554)	Regulation	Germany	2022	source
Supervisory Requirements for IT in Financial Institutions(BAIT)	Circular	Germany	2017	source
RBI Master Direction Information Technology Governance, Risk, Controls and Assurance Practices, 2023	Direction	India	2023	source
RBI Master Direction on Outsourcing of Information Technology Services, 2023	Direction	India	2023	source
CERT-In Directions on Cyber Incident Reporting, April 2022	Direction	India	2022	source
Information Technology Act, 2000	Act	India	2000	source
CSSF Circular 22/806 on outsourcing arrangements	Circular	Luxembourg	2022	source
BNM Risk Management in Technology (RMiT)	Guideline	Malaysia	2025	source
No laws for this country.

Date	Entity	Country	Action	Penalty	Source
23 MAY 2025	Union Bank of India	India	Monetary penalty	21,608,795 INR	source
24 APR 2024	Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited	India	Business restrictions (cease and desist)	—	source
31 JAN 2024	Paytm Payments Bank Limited	India	Business Restriction	—	source
10 OCT 2023	Bank of Baroda ('bob World' app)	India	Business Restriction	—	source
No actions for this country.